std.net

Overview

The net package provides functionalities including starting the Socket server, connecting to the Socket server, sending data, and receiving data, and supports data structures about IP addresses, IP prefixes (also known as IP subnets), and Socket addresses for network communications.

Three Socket types of UDP, TCP, and UDS are supported. You can select a type as required.

The User Datagram Protocol (UDP) is a connectionless transmission protocol, which does not provide reliability or flow control, but features low latency and low network overhead. The UDP is mainly used in application scenarios with high real-time requirements, such as live video streaming and online gaming.

The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is a connection-oriented and reliable transmission protocol. As one of commonly used transmission protocols on Internet, it provides functionalities such as reliable data transmission, flow control, congestion control, error detection, and flow management.

The Unix Domain Socket (UDS) is a mechanism used for communication between processes on one computer. Unlike network sockets, the UDS does not require network protocol stacks or network devices. Therefore, it features faster communication, lower latency and higher throughput.

The class inheritance relationship of Socket provided by the library is as follows:

Hierarchy
 Resource
 ├StreamingSocket
 │   ├TcpSocket
 │   └UnixSocket
 │
 ├DatagramSocket
 │   ├UdpSocket
 │   └UnixDatagramSocket
 │
 └ServerSocket
     ├TcpServerSocket
     └UnixServerSocket

API List

Interfaces

Name	Description
DatagramSocket	Indicates a socket for receiving and reading data packets.
ServerSocket	Provides APIs required by `Socket` of the server.
StreamingSocket	Specifies `Socket` running in duplex stream mode, which can be read or written.

Classes

Name	Description
IPAddress	Indicates the Internet Protocol (IP) address.
IPPrefix	Indicates an IP prefix (also called IP subnet), which is a consecutive IP address block with the boundary being a power of 2.
IPSocketAddress	Implements an IP protocol socket address (IP address+port number).
IPv4Address	Indicates an Internet protocol version 4 (IPv4) address.
IPv6Address	Indicates an Internet protocol version 6 (IPv6) address.
RawSocket	Provides basic functions of a socket.
SocketAddress	Indicates a protocol-independent socket address.
TcpServerSocket	Specifies a server that listens for TCP connections.
TcpSocket	Specifies a client that requests a TCP connection.
UdpSocket	Provides UDP packet communication.
UnixDatagramSocket	Provides the host communication capability based on data packets.
UnixServerSocket	Provides a host communication server based on the duplex stream.
UnixSocket	Provides a host communication client based on the duplex stream.
UnixSocketAddress	Implements a UDS address.

Enums

Name	Description
SocketNet	Specifies the transport layer protocol type.

Structs

Name	Description
AddressFamily	Identifies an individual network address scheme or numbering plan for network communication in a context where the use of an individual address may be unclear.
OptionLevel	Provides common socket option levels.
OptionName	Provides common socket options.
ProtocolType	Provides common socket protocols and allows the socket protocols to be constructed by specifying the value of `Int32`.
RawAddress	Creates and obtains the communication address of `RawSocket`.
SocketDomain	Provides common socket communication domains and allows the socket communication domains to be constructed by specifying the value of `Int32`.
SocketKeepAliveConfig	Configures the TCP KeepAlive attribute.
SocketOptions	Stores some parameter constants for setting socket options to facilitate subsequent calls.
SocketType	Provides common socket types and allows the socket types to be constructed by specifying the value of `Int32`.

Exceptions

Name	Description
SocketException	Handles exceptions related to sockets.
SocketTimeoutException	Handles exceptions related to character formats.